When information is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized, the source of that information must be documented and acknowledged. Various standards have been created for citing sources in different disciplines such as AMA (American Medical Association) and CSE (Council of Science Editors). Please note that standards for citing electronic information are still evolving, and many print and electronic style guides may appear to be inconsistent in their instructions.
Your professor may have specified which format you should follow for your assignment; if not, choose one style to follow, and use that style consistently throughout your paper.
Citation Guides
Zotero is a free citation management tool you can use to create and format bibliographies, and keep your citations organised while you write in both word and Google Docs. It is available as a web-based or downloadable software tool. The library can help you with Zotero.
AMA Style Guide for Science & Medical Writing : QuickStudy Reference Guide
Citing Medicine, 2nd edition - The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers
Note: NLM and Vancouver style are the same.
You can also check out the library's citation guide for information on citing CSE, APA, MLA, and Chicago style.
Academic Integrity:
Learn about Academic Integrity at UPEI
US Dept Health & Human Services Office of Research Integrity Avoiding Plagiarism, Self-Plagiarism and other Questionable Writing Practices: A Guide to Ethical Writing
Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025